(目的状语)to make his dream come true,tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. 名词作状语:come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语) 状语从句:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句 三、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:we students should study hard. / (students是 we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)we all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’) 四、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词 yes否定词 no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的 i think , i believe,等。如: the story,i think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.情态词 ,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语) :perhaps也4许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。 五、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。例:错句:studying hard,your score will go up.正确:(1) studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2)if you study hard,your score will go up.解析:错句中分词 studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既 your score . 显然做 study的应是人,不应是 your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为 you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出 study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了 ). 分词独立结构常省略 being,having been.不过‘there being...’的场合不能省略.如:game (being) over,he went home.he stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如:with nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。the teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句 on his nose不可省略!) 句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分, 4分钟) the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.① there is an old man coming here.② the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.③ to do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.④(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,
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