Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

What is the relation between the code and culture which creates it, and which it transmits to the next generation? Linguists in the anthropological tradition had tried to establish links with meanings expressed lexically: Eskimo words for ‘snow’, Arabic words for ‘camel’ and so on. Yet vocabulary only ‘reflects’ culture by courtesy of (蒙...提供) its internal organization as a whole; and the assertion that “because `camels` are important to the Arabs, therefore they have a lot of different words for `them`” is a statement as much about English as about Arabic. Presumably nothing is more important than rice to the Chinese; yet Chinese has a single word for rice and it means various other things besides. Chinese happens to be a type of language that fa­vors general nouns.As the essential medium for people to organize and convey their ideas, language is no lon­ger what it seemed to be for the traditional linguists who used to think of language as simple for­mal codes. It is also closely related to the context, social or anthropological, in which the com­munication takes place. Today most linguists come to realize that language is an important com­ponent of culture. It determines not only the form in which ideas are transmitted, but also the method with which the content of the ideas are organized. In this perspective, language is also a communicative base on which members of a speech community form their ideas in a way that is readily comprehensible to other members of that community. It is also regarded as part of culture that is related to other fields of humanity (人类) studies.But what is merely comic (滑稽的) when applied to lexics (词汇学) becomes s