学语法,找规律,变复杂为简单——高中英语部分语法知识归纳

2014-5-10 21:21:13 [英语作文写作指导]

  一、非谓语动词

  “非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watch,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing。而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:papa c makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受)。 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;

  advise/suggest, avoid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can`t help/can’t stand。

  二、复合句

  1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

  例如:a、the news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)

  b、the news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句)

  关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。

  2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)最高级:which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。

  例如:a、all that we have to do is to practise every day.

  b、the first lesson that i learned will never be forgotten.

  c、i have lost my pen,which i like very much.

  d、the house in front of which there is a garden is my home.

  三、it的用法

  1、it除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。

  例如:it is nor easy to finish the work in two days.

  然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是:无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a danger)。

  例如:a、it is no use crying over spilt milk.

  b、it is a waste of time waiting for him.

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