英语写作中应当避免性别歧视

2014-5-10 21:20:57 [英语六级作文]

7)用someone, one, the one, no one等替代
sexist: he who can take advice is sometimes superior to him who can give it.
revised: someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it.
接受忠告者有时胜过发出忠告者。

8)使用he and she或his and her,但使用的次数不宜太多。s/he仅可用于备忘录(memos), 便条(notes), 或者非正式的交谈之中。

9)用名词或上下文中用过的同义词替换
sexist: to find a friend one must close one eye - to keep him, two.
revised: to find a friend, one must close one eye - to keep a friend, two.
想找朋友;就得睁一只眼,闭一只眼;想留住朋友,就得双眼都闭上。

2.尽量使用那些包括两性在内的词,即无性别之分的词(gender-free words),

例如: child, teacher, officer(警官),people, worker, immigrant(移民),voter(投票者,选民), coach(教练),church member(教友), sale rep(推销员),grand parent(外/祖父或祖母),leader, evening student, employee (雇员),testee(考生,应试者),engineer,customers(顾客), dealer(交易者,商人),clerk(职员,办事员),civilian(平民),scientist, operator(接线员,办事员),patriot(爱国者),person, planner(策划者,计划者), politician(政客), producer(生产者、制造者), tutor(家庭教师,导师,[美国]助教),reporter,writer,chief executive(首席行政长官),everybody, expert等.

3、如非特指男性或女性,尽量用同义词或近义词替换含有-girl, -woman, -wife, -man后缀的词,例如:

calendar girl(月份牌上的美女像)-calendar model 挂历模特
call girl(应召女郎)--prostitute妓女
cover girl(杂志封面女郎)--cover model封面模特
flag girl(女司旗手)--flag bearer司旗手,执旗员
flower girl(卖花女)--flower seller卖花人
housewife(家庭主妇)--house worker(家务工人)
midwife(接生婆)--birth attendant(助产士)
showgirl(舞女,歌女)--dancer(伴舞者)
chairman(主席)--chair, head(主席,头头)
ring man(赌/赛马者)--bettor; gambler(赌马者,赌博者)
seaman(海员,水兵)--sailor; navigator; mariner pilot, captain 水手,航海者,船员,领航员,船长
spokesman (发言人) -speaker; representative, voice; press agent 发言人,代表,
right-hand man(得力助手) --right hand; deputy; assistant; helper 得力助手,副手,助理,助手

4.写信时,如果不知道收信人的性别,最好不要使用传统的dear sir; dear gentleman, dear madam. 可以选用下列之一: