小学5年级 - 经验谈 阅读指导

　　A, the audio-visual combine, the feeling know comprehension, exaltation reading efficiency reading the teaching be a language teaching of importance constitute part, teacher with lend an article text, with comprehension contents for point of departure, to student induction send a phrase to construct sentence, set sentence become segment, connect segment become article with record Xu, comment, elucidation etc. language writing usage knowledge.For long time, because of reading of method more one, lack vivid keep the image of view, student can eye view writing, the ear attend lecture solution and depend on imagination to comprehension text contents, not only reading speed slow-moving, and understanding also very misty, talk more not top comprehension and control.Many text that is to teaching material, if at teaching full make use of electricity to teach means, then can give student with clear sensitive faculty understanding, is comprehension text dozen descend good foundation(a) make use of recording, stir up interest, development the whole feeling know the ability"interest is best of teacher", is study of originality motive, it ability let a person look for knowledge, research thing creation stability of incline to.Tradition teaching method usage of deliver the means of teaching information, already gradual let life at science and technology height development, teaching condition already biggest improvement of today of the student feel disaffection foot, even tired.The electricity teach medium of usage, can in the teaching transfer student of variety sense organs, stir up a student of study interest.Keep a view, vivid and lifelike appearance, pleasing of stereo set, unfamiliar to student, but exactly is these unfamiliar informations, ability give student with new difference feeling;BE exactly this kind of new difference of stimulate, usually easy cause a student of study interest. Passing to"read" to know text understanding contents to the feeling is a reading the initial link of the teaching.The so-called feeling know that is that pass an eye ear etc. to sensory apparatus, make the thing care to know medium direct get reflection.The whole feeling know to be understanding which want to have total one to the text first, total of impression.The format tower psychology think that whole first at the part, and decision part of property and meaning.A text want to let the student know the main contents of text first before explain in detail, so, the teacher hand over a target that need to be study and would have to rely on.The whole feeling know of the another meaning be the whole confidence to the affection keynote of text and the word phrase.In the reading the teaching, if student ability and author at pure feeling top creation total Ming, study attention particularly concentration.Same, if the word phrase leave concrete language environment, its meaning hard confidence.In regard to a text, the feeling consciousness dint is to pass to listen to with read a development to get up.A feeling consciousness dint the strong person be listen to read language literalness in the meantime, don't need through thinking process, by dint of the feeling know ability quick comprehend among them abundant of inside the Yun and the feeling mood. In the tradition teaching method of"read", main there is teacher, Fan4 Du2, , student reading silently, reading aloud an etc. form, article article text all such, the regularly tired month have no variety, student nature will feel tedious.To teaching material some recount sex stronger record Xu text and the sentiment flavor thicker prose, if the text of adoption and teaching material kit issue read aloud recording, its effect will be big and different.We know that the announcer's speech steady harmony, tell pleasingly, the host's tone thing have their order of priority, melodious modulation in tone, make person enjoy pleasing.However, everybody then can be limited, impossible the voice of each teacher current announcer again have the host's tone, but in the teaching usage recording medium then ability Yang long avoid short.On the other hand, student for oneself have no or seldom once heard of expert, the recording of read aloud of person have biggest of interest, attention would more concentration.Use recording to make demonstration and at because of condition restriction difficult in performance of accompany, sing on stage under the circumstance of etc. adoption recording, can make student correct to appreciate a text expression of thought emotion, help the student control the voice of norm to adjust and make student understanding improvement oneself of give out sound practice, attain teaching request thus should have of artistic conception.The usage of the recording means, also be advantageous to a teacher concentration energy to carry on inspire, instruction teaching.For example, teaching 《love the lotus say 》 , let first the student listen to teaching recording to carry on feeling to know, make student under the heavy pressure that feeling know of foundation top comprehend from the pure Sir at dark influence still keep own greathearted quality, but because of limit of its global view, since not wish and the customs follow the bad example of others, again can't hurl the body is at the revolution in the conflict, can depressed, resemble Huang, want to set free the heavy pressure of affection but again impossible of complications emotion, would to study should the language special features of the text creation half effort and double results of effect. (Two)Make use of image, break crux, development analysis the thinking ability know just understanding of beginning, comprehension be a purpose.The comprehension is in the feeling to know foundation of understanding with deep turn.Have in the language teaching material not a few record to say with introduction thing occurrence, development of the text of history process and sex form, characteristic...etc., they be more unfamiliar to student, some text reflection of objective thing even teacher's oneself haven't seen as well, just with the teaching material, teach three of writing introduction with simple of the diagram show to carry on explain in detail toward the student and the student be hard comprehension.In order to break this crux, if the teacher be good at Qiao to borrow electricity to teach medium to solve, for comprehension text, study language writing expression the knowledge spread even road. In the reading teaching, a point, crux of text how outstanding with break, is a teacher to feel a tough problem.Practice a certificate, electricity teach medium is work°out this problem of valid means, it ability make more complications, difficult comprehension of the contents change in to keep a view, plain of, easy understand of sensitive faculty material, make the student be easy to comprehension and control.Same with is from the pure Sir's article 《green 》is example, the reading be this text, the position of threes in the rainy season pond, rainy season Pu, rainy season station relation is the crux of teaching.There is so a writing in the text:"The rainy season station sit by the side of the station over against that waterfalls, need not face upward, then it is thus clear that it of all.Station bottom deeply of would be a rainy season pond.This station Ju is on the rock of outstanding dime, the top and bottom be all all empty and imitate the Fo a Cang eagle exhibition feather wings to float Yu in day in general.All of three sides are a mountain, be like half wreath to hug, person such as in the well bottom."These words clearly introduction three of position relation, but the student read behind although Be explain in detail by teacher, there is still no clear impression.Hence, at another teaching go to this, I then and first broadcast a central television station 《absolute being state elegant appearance 》in the column eyes introduction record image of the rock rainy season pond beauty spot of Wen Zhou Xian, let student at earnest observation over record image appearance after, oneself speak three of position relation.The student express although not as vivid as text image, also the ability say clear, very quick solved a crux, and consumedly economical the teacher explain in detail, inspire of teaching time.The student learn easy delectation, and the impression be deep. Two, the diagram text check against, benefit by canvassing various opinions, development composition ability"Lao in study", "the Yi is at the composition", clarified reading and writing of near concern.The reading is the foundation of the writing, is from outside but inside of absorb, is study language;The writing is the purpose of the reading, is from outside but inside of expression, is usage language.Usage's ability of the language have to with study language for foundation, have to pass reading of inside turn absorb to completion.In the language teaching usage electricity teach medium, not only ability exaltation reading teaching efficiency, and return ability development the student's composition ability. The electricity teach a medium usage at the teaching, not only is a carry of knowledge information body, and is adjust to control teaching of valid means.In the composition teaching fittingly usage electricity teach medium, main is for the sake of help the student collect, storage, analysis, usage writing material and method information output, feedback practice circumstance information with enhance a teaching target, excellent turn teaching effect. (A)Ask for help of the image carry on before the lesson instruction, development the student collect a storage writing material of ability common saying say, "the Qiao Fu be difficult for the impossible task."Student's composition is widespread to get "awe by difficulty a disease".In spite of is to set question a composition, still give material composition, the teacher is after put forward a writing request, though again and again hint, inspire, leading, the student still keep from nowhere setting down on paper and often have the feeling of"have no the words can write".Education psychology research enunciation:"Student writing have to own and the composition related sensitive faculty idea, include life medium the material of the backlog and pass material that observe acquisition's get in the particular activity."This will attend school to living before writing have to to the objective thing and the social activities carry on many on the side, many angle, all-directions of observation, obtain writing material.Because the student peacetime didn't do "life of observant and conscientious person", it rightness objective thing and the impression of social activities is misty of, confused of, face composition title nature also hard set down on paper presentable.If write of thing, all let the student come out classroom go to on-the-spot observation empress again write, this again is pole not reality of.Aim at this circumstance, can ask for help of to cast shadow(or Huan light), record image(or movie), to the student carry on instruction before the lesson. For example, request the student write landscape to swim to record, the form thing draw a view composition, can 1 use to cast shadow fast mapping composition title, writing request and related hint writing.So, the teacher press to cast shadow sub-title to one by one in order explain in detail, since economical writing on the blackboard time, again can deepen student's impression.Broadcast to be provided for student to carry on an observation writing at the same time of nature landscape scene record image a slice(can turn off a slice in of background music and explain stereo set, demonstration keep a view for student, integrity of appearance), and instruction student one by one observation, to want performance of objective thing formation integrity, deep impression.The student had vivid can the writing material of feeling, set down on paper presentable also more easy.First draft after the completion, teacher reruns quilt observation lead of record image, and open background music and explain stereo set, let the student use oneself of composition and slice in of explain the phrase carry on comparison and find out observation writing in of careless omission and to objective thing understanding up of shortage, again carry on complement modification.From here but write the composition of , quality usually ratio adoption tradition composition instruction method, from student freedom write the composition of to want Gao Chu many. If is request the student write to recount, say reason and express bosom type of composition, may also use same of the method carry on, or use cast shadow to mapping composition material(writing, picture...etc.), or use to record image demonstration objective thing of original(whole, part, detail etc.), development variety process and social activities appearance, and instruction student observation thinking.Such as carry on elucidation text peace negotiations according to the cartoon thesis of writing, can announce newspapers and magazines up of reflection reality life of cartoon with the duplicator copy at cast shadow film top carry on cast shadow.A the small cartoon that don't ask for a person attention is suddenly enlarged a silver screen of reflect now up, the ability give student with clear, keep the feeling of view to know, doubly writing of new experience.Teacher again pass instruction student to carry on an observation thinking to merge to fasten social activities to make to inspire sex analysis to the appearance, meeting biggest transfer student writing of enthusiasm, stir up desire for write, attain ideal of teaching effect. (Two)Ask for help of image to review to change after carry on the lesson, development student analysis usage writing material of ability composition is development student exactitude usage language writing ability of importance path and means.Reviewing to change is a student composition train of importance link, it of function is instruction, help student analysis, usage writing material, with continuously exaltation composition quality.The composition teaching method of tradition is:Student pack writing, teacher pack review to change.Its result is the teacher be tired from rushing around on duty but the student yield results very tiny.How set free a teacher from review heavy burden of change the composition, make again student composition level continuously the exaltation be a problem which haven't thoroughly solved. "Review to change a composition of active the power hand over to a student, " is everyone is in the composition reform in education for several years and the quest formation of consensus.Hence successive emergence at teacher instruction under carry on of student from change, the group with each other change and teachers and the students comprehensive change etc. review method and measure of change the composition, but because of student of life experience and knowledge level be after all limited, and operation the procedure be complicated and and is hard to attain expectation of target.Can say, review to change a composition if not the change"armchair strategist" way, regardless adoption what method, the teacher be all rare easy, opposite to say, think square try development student of modification ability than fully responsible for deal with it to take a lot of thinking more. Have owing to this, we review a composition to change a way to turn to°from the paper an electricity to teach medium in, review to change a way from aim at personal change direction to face collective, teachers and the students total change, benefit by canvassing various opinions.The concrete way of doing is:Student beginning after making presentable, the teacher browse, and press training point and composition request, choice reflection total sex problem of good, medium, bad composition several, with the duplicator copy it at cast shadow film up(or make use of the duplicator contract to copy of the function make it into slide) cast shadow at silver screen up.Concentration whole class the student's attention, teacher pointer the place of, or teacher demonstration change, or the teachers and the students review an argument author to change, or student many person"connect dint" change, etc., the way be vivid.Although all review to change for the oral communication, but ability development student aggressive of thinking ability and flowing freely of vernacular speech expression ability.Regardless is affirmation composition of success of place, still keep rectifying a mistake of have the representative, all can make an audio-visual to combine, collective be subjected to a benefit.In the meantime, teacher again economical a great deal of correct time, it may be said half effort and double results. If before composition usage record image(or movie) to pursue studies to living to once provide an observation writing material of composition, return can after presentable of the composition review to change lieutenant general electricity to teach multimedia be in conjunction with usage, use to record image demonstration observation contents, writing material;Use projection hint writing request, study workbook, instruction the student carry on a diagram text to check against, review an argument, modification.So, more ability stir up interest in the student, leading student alternation usage have intention to attention with not intentional attention, transfer variety the sense organs be in conjunction with an activity, student analysis, usage writing material of ability continuously strengthen, composition teaching quality meeting continuously exaltation.